top of page

通胀下降了:是加息的作用还是供应冲击自行消退?

简单说,通胀最近减少了,这让大家都在争论,是因为各国央行提高了利率,还是因为供应冲击自行消退。美联储和欧洲央行把基准利率提高了,但失业率并没有上升。有些人觉得,这是因为一些像汽车和房租价格上涨的供应问题开始消退,而不是利率的提高。但也有人觉得,提高利率减轻了对商品和服务的需求,缓解了价格压力。这个答案影响了我们对未来通胀和利率走势的理解。


 

基准利率:

基准利率是一个由中央银行设置的重要利率,它在一国的金融体系中起着至关重要的作用。基准利率通常被看作是商业银行从中央银行借款的成本。因此,基准利率的高低会直接影响商业银行贷款给公司和个人的利率水平。

当中央银行提高基准利率时,商业银行从中央银行借款的成本就会提高。这会导致商业银行将这个成本转嫁给他们的借款者,也就是说,商业银行会提高他们的贷款利率。反过来,如果中央银行降低基准利率,商业银行的借款成本就会降低,商业银行的贷款利率也就可能随之降低。

中央银行通常会调整基准利率来实现其货币政策的目标。比如,如果经济过热,通胀压力增大,中央银行可能会提高基准利率,以提高借款的成本,降低经济活动水平,抑制通胀。反之,如果经济疲软,中央银行可能会降低基准利率,降低借款的成本,刺激经济活动,提振经济。

总的来说,基准利率是中央银行进行货币政策操作的一种重要工具,是影响整个经济的借贷成本和经济活动水平的关键因素。




 
 

Non-discrimination Statement:

The California International Teachers Association (CITA) and its affiliates are committed to maintaining an inclusive and welcoming environment for all. We do not and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, age, national origin, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, or military status in any of our activities or operations. These include membership acceptance, hiring practices, staff policies, selection of volunteers, contractors, vendors, and provision of services. CITA is an equal opportunity employer, dedicated to taking affirmative action to prevent discrimination in employment, recruitment, advertising, compensation, promotion, and all other employment conditions.

TeachAbove and TeachOff admit candidates of any race, color, religion, disability, national or ethnic origin, and provide them with equal access to all the rights, programs, and activities offered. We do not discriminate in the administration of our educational policies, admissions, financial assistance, athletics, or any other school-administered programs based on race, color, religion, disability, national origin, sexual orientation, marital status, sex, or age.

Trademark Statement:

喜答® is the registered Chinese trademark of the California International Teachers Association. TeachAbove, TeachOff, HaiAlliance, HaiEducation, HaiClasses, Hailingo, and HaiCamps are trademarks or registered trademarks of CITA and its affiliates in the United States, China, and other regions. These trademarks may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

© 2024 by California International Teachers Association. All rights reserved.​

bottom of page